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Action and effects of Xanax

How does Xanax work? The mechanism of action of the drug is associated with the effect on benzodiazepine receptors, depressing the central nervous system. As a result, there is a decrease in the excitability of subcortical structures and a decrease in the activity of spinal reflexes.

The main effects of Xanax are:

  • anticonvulsant action;
  • sedative action;
  • hypnotic effect;
  • decrease in panic states;
  • anxiolytic action;
  • central muscle relaxant effect.

As a result of the action of Alprazolam on the central nervous system, the following pharmacological effects occur: nocturnal awakenings; the severity of fear, anxiety, panic is eliminated or reduced; emotional stress decreases.

A distinctive feature of Xanax is the absence of a depressing effect on cardiac and respiratory activity. When taken orally, the maximum concentration is reached after 1-2 hours. The drug undergoes metabolism in the liver, penetrates through the placenta and is able to penetrate into breast milk. The drug is excreted by the kidneys in short periods.

Indications for prescribing a drug

Under what conditions is Alprazolam prescribed? Indications for the appointment of the drug are:

  • panic disorders;
  • neurosimilar states;
  • neuroses of various origins.

When can not be appointed?

The drug has contraindications to the appointment. The drug is not used in the following cases:

  • increased sensitivity to the active or excipients of the drug form; intolerance to drugs from the benzodiazepine group; obstructive lung disease;
  • severe conditions - coma, shock;
  • suicide attempts on the background of depressive disorders;
  • diseases of the liver and kidneys with severe impairment of their functions;
  • poisoning with alcoholic drinks, strong and psychotropic substances in the acute period;
  • sleep disturbance syndrome (apnea) in sleep;
  • pregnancy, especially in the first trimester;
  • breastfeeding the baby;
  • myasthenia;
  • angle-closure glaucoma.

In the above cases, Xanax is prohibited for use. There are diseases and pathological processes in which it can be prescribed, but with caution:

  • the presence of drug dependence in the past;
  • diseases of the brain of organic origin;
  • reduced level of protein in the body;
  • ataxia of the spinal and cerebral type;
  • abuse of alcohol and psychoactive substances;
  • elderly and senile age;
  • state of psychosis.

Xanax is usually not used to treat pediatric patients under 18 years of age. However, in some cases, it is prescribed to children and adolescents according to strict indications and under the supervision of medical personnel.

Rules for taking tablets

The daily dose of the drug is divided into 2-3 doses. Tablets are drunk regardless of food intake. For debilitated patients and people with pathologies of internal organs, the daily dosage of the drug requires adjustment. Drink Xanax with plain water, swallowing the tablet whole, without chewing.

 

Side effects of the drug

The drug is capable of causing side effects that are typical for drugs of the anxiolytic group:

  • the central nervous system, especially in debilitated patients, may react to taking the drug with the appearance of weakness, drowsiness, impaired orientation, headache, nausea hyperexcitability, psychomotor agitation, speech disorders, sluggishness, memory loss, impaired coordination of movements, reactions of a paradoxical nature to external stimuli, hallucinations, increased anxiety, muscle spasms, insomnia;
  • on the part of the genital organs and urinary excretion: increase or decrease in sexual desire, impaired kidney function, urinary retention or incontinence, menstrual cycle disorders; changes in blood counts; allergic reactions in the form of skin rash, urticaria, anaphylactic shock and Quincke's edema;

digestive system: dryness in the mouth, changes in "liver" parameters, stool disorders in the form of constipation or diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, exacerbation of chronic pancreatitis; possible development of drug dependence, addiction, changes in body weight, heart failure in the form of arrhythmia, a sharp decrease in blood pressure.

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